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  UNIT-10 FINANCIAL MARKETS Financial Market is a market for creation and exchange of financial assets like shares, bonds etc. It helps in mobilising savings and channelizing them into the most productive uses. It helps to link the savers and the investors by mobilizing funds between them. The persons or institutions by which allocation of funds is done are called Financial Intermediaries. They bring together borrowers and lenders and make funds available to those willing to pay for their use,  Functions of Financial Markets  1. Mobilisation of Savings and channeling them into the most productive uses : Financial market facilitates the transfer of savings from savers to investors and thus helps to channelize surplus funds into the most productive use.  2. Helps in Price Determination : Financial Market helps in interaction of savers and investors which in turn helps in the determination of prices of the financial assets such as shares, debentures etc.  3. Prov...

 Unit – 2 PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT Meaning : Principles refers to a statement which reflects the fundamental truth about some phenomenon. Management principles are derived on the basis of observation and analysis of events which managers have to face in actual practice. Definition “Principles of management are the guiding rules or laws for managerial action” – H.G. Hicks. Nature of Management Principles: 1. Universal Applicability - Management principles have universal application in all types of organizations and in all places like business organizations, police force, sports clubs, family etc. 2. General Guidelines – Management principles are derived from experience and analysis and they are in the form of mere statements. These statements are guidelines for action but not provide solution to all managerial problems. 3. Formed by practice and experimentation 4. Flexible - Management principles never remain static; they are applied in given situations. 5. Mainly behavioral...

UNIT – 3 PRIVATE, PUBLIC AND GLOBAL  ENTERPRISES Private Sector Enterprises These firms are owned, controlled and managed by Private businessmen. The main object of such undertaking is profit making. They are as follows: 1. Sole Proprietorship Concerns 2. Hindu Undivided Family Business 3. Partnership Business Organizations 4. Co-operative Societies 5. Joint Stock Companies Public Sector Enterprises These are the enterprises which are owned and managed by the central government or by the state government or by both. The basic purpose of such undertakings is to render service to society. E.g. Railways, LIC, FCI, Post Offices etc. Forms of Public Sector Enterprises Public enterprises are organized as departmental undertakings, public corporations and Government Companies. 1. Departmental Undertakings: These are the undertakings created by the decision of the government, financed and controlled by the Government and it is managed by the government officials under the ultimate control ...

  UNIT  – 2 FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION Forms of Business Organisations (Private Sector Undertakings): Private business enterprises can broadly divided into two, ie; corporate enterprises and non- corporate enterprises. Joint Stock companies and co-operative organizations form part of corporate  organizations. While non-corporate organizations consist of Sole-proprietorship, Joint Hindu Family  Business and Partnership firms. I. Sole Proprietorship It can be said that a “one man business” as he invests the entire capital, bears all the risks, takes all  the advantages and manages the business by himself. It is also called Individual Proprietorship. Features of Sole Proprietorship Business : a. Formation and closure is easy  – No separate law that governs sole proprietorship. b. Liability  – Unlimited. c. Sole risk bearer and profit recipient d. Control –  Complete control of business is held with the proprietor himself. e. No separate entity fo...

Chapter-4 (Planning) Identify the type of plan applicable to following situations: _________________ of stock valuation. No smoking in the premises._____________ Goods can only be sold on credit for  a period not more than 30 days___________ Annual increase in sales by 10%._____________ Mc. Donald’s Co. Will not give franchise to any other company which is already running a restaurant._____________ Simplest of all plans.______________ _________________ of promoting employees on time bound basis rather than on merit basis. Reduce the quality rejection rate to 0.02%.____________ _________________of School to give admission to students securing more than 70%marks. Increase in production by 5% in two months.____________ ________________of charging depreciation on machinery. Launching a new product in the market.____________ The company should hold the No. 1 position in the market for all its brands otherwise quit that market._______________ __________________for getting raw material ...